fundición flash y flash Conversión

[ Trituradora De Piedra]

SBM? Flash proceso de fundición junto con el Proceso de Conversión Flash es una solución integrada de fundición que resulta en una baja inversión y los costos de operación con el control de emisiones más eficaces.

Flash proceso de fusión con flash ConvertingThe SBM? proceso de conversión de Flash es el resultado del trabajo de desarrollo exitosas llevadas a cabo conjuntamente por Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation y SBM. El proceso es una aplicación innovadora de la SBM? Flash tecnología de fundición.

En comparación con la ruta de fundición de cobre convencionales, la fundición flash-flash concepto de conversión ofrece varias ventajas, tales como:

Alta recuperación de cobre y otros metales valiosos
Bajos costos de inversión y de funcionamiento de la fundición y la planta de ácido
Proceso continuo, desde la fundición y la conversión están desacopladas, lo que resulta en alta disponibilidad en línea
Alta recuperación de azufre, sólo un continuo flujo de SO2 de alta resistencia a la planta de ácido
Mejora en la planta de higiene, equipos compactos, no hay transporte cucharón de materiales fundidos

Hoy SBM? fundición flash se ha logrado una posición clara de liderazgo como número uno del mundo la tecnología de la fundición primaria de cobre.
SBM? fundición flash

El proceso de fundición flash se basa en la utilización de la energía interna de la materia prima para la fundición. Finamente concentrado de tierra de cobre sulfurosas se mezcla con aire enriquecido con oxígeno para formar una suspensión reaccionar rápidamente en el eje de la reacción de la SBM horno? Fundición flash. Compuestos de sulfuro de la alimentación se encienda, se oxidan y liberación de calor, actuando como un combustible para el proceso y no se necesita energía externa para su fundición. En el colono del horno, las gotas de líquido separado de la corriente de gas y se depositan en el fondo del horno, como mate distintas capas de escoria y, en función de su densidad específica.

El fundido de alto grado mate producida en el horno de fundición flash es conducido a través de lava cubiertos directamente de la granulación, donde se dispersa el mate y granulado por medio de chorros de agua a alta presión. El flash de fundición de escoria se dirige a un horno de limpieza de escorias o concentrador de escoria para la recuperación de cobre. Los gránulos mate se muelen en un tamaño de grano adecuado para completar las reacciones de oxidación en el horno flash conversión.
Kennecott - SBM? Conversión Flash

El? Kennecott-SBM Proceso de Conversión Flash es muy similar a la SBM? proceso de fundición flash. La oxidación de los ingresos mate bajo condiciones altamente oxidantes para que la mate sulfurosos se convierte en cobre metálico. Para la oxidación de las partículas de mate bien, el enriquecimiento de oxígeno de alta o de oxígeno puro técnico incluso se puede utilizar. El Horno de Conversión Flash puede funcionar incluso con autógena grados mata de alta sin necesidad de utilizar combustibles fósiles adicionales.

El contenido de azufre del cobre blister es controlada por la proporción de oxígeno-a-mate en la alimentación. Ya sea de sílice o escoria a base de cal se puede utilizar. El contenido de cobre de la escoria producida en el horno de conversión de flash es relativamente alta, pero su cantidad es baja. Por lo tanto, puede ser alimentada de nuevo en el horno de fundición primaria flash directamente en forma de granulado, por lo tanto no hay tratamiento de escorias por separado es necesario.

El cobre blister producido en el horno flash de conversión contiene un poco de azufre. La eliminación de azufre final se realiza en hornos de ánodos por oxidación del aire.

Hornos de fusión flash y flash de conversión de producir gas de proceso rica en SO2. Como resultado del enriquecimiento de oxígeno, el volumen del gas es pequeña. Horno los gases se enfrían en la caldera de recuperación de calor, que también recoge parte de la carga de polvo. El resto de las partículas son capturadas en el precipitador electrostático. Normalmente, todo el polvo se recicla en el horno. Después de la refrigeración y los pasos de limpieza, el gas se dirige a la planta recuperadora de azufre de recuperación de azufre.

SBM ofrece completas soluciones de procesos adaptadas a las necesidades de los clientes. Décadas de experiencia en el suministro de plantas de fundición de flash han dado lugar a extensos conocimientos metalúrgicos que asegura que el proceso de elección más rentable y su funcionamiento óptimo. Ciclo de vida de las sopladoras de preformas de asociación tecnológica con el cliente se extiende desde las primeras etapas del proceso de diseño de la solución a lo largo de thesupply y puesta en marcha de la cadena de proceso con el control de proceso integrado y servicio integral y el concepto de apoyo. La investigación y el desarrollo de garantizar que el cliente cuenta con los últimos avances en soluciones de procesos y equipos.

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Canadian iron ore miner reaches $120 million development deal with Chinese steel producer

Century Iron Mines, an iron ore miner with projects in Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador, has reached a $120 million development cope with WISCO Resources, among the third largest steel producer in China.



WISCO Resources, which holds an approximate 25% interest in Century Iron, invested $120 million in return for a 40% fascination with three of Century Iron Mines' projects, Duncan Lake, Attikamagen and Sunny Lake. Funds might be used for exploration and development.  Cone Crusher Africa



WISCO Resources is usually a major subsidiaries of Wuhan Iron & Steel Corporation, headquartered in Wuhan from the province of Hubei inside the People's Republic of China.



WISCO Group is 286th mining equipment for iron ore in the list of Forbes Global 500 and it's the third largest steel producer in China. The WISCO Group is probably the "big three" Chinese state-owned integrated iron and steel groups. Last year, the WISCO Group had make certain output of 36 million tonnes of steel. The WISCO Group's portfolio of economic activities includes mining, coking, sintering, iron making, steel making, rolling and associated utilities. jaw crusher specification detail

Russian steelmaker buys Australian iron ore prospect for A$554 million

Investors are pondering why Russian steel-maker Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works is buying Flinders Mines (ASX:FMS) for A$554 million.



Flinder's main asset is the Pilbara iron ore project, a 917.3Mt JORC-compliant resource located in Western Australia.



MMK is Russia's third largest steel company. This past year it had revenue of $7.7 billion and net income of $254 million. mining equipment



In accordance with Reuters, the offer has its own critics. MMK is already over-leveraged, and it is leaping into a project which is a long way away from its current operations with no obvious synergies.



And cracks are beginning to build up from the Chinese economy, which was buoying Australia's iron ore industry. classical quarry line solution



But also for Flinders, the sale can be a chance to lock value in value for assets to see the Pilbara iron ore project by way of fruition.



"The proposal from MMK offers Flinders' shareholders an extremely significant premium and value certainty in a uncertain market," said Flinders Chairman, Robert Kennedy in a statement. stone crusher plant



"Flinders has evolved significantly since late in 2007 in the event it was worth ~A$0.01 per share to today where it's received a A$0.30 per share offer, which values the business at A$554 million. This is a truly fantastic achievement for Flinders and reflects the dedication of Flinders' management team and Board of Directors. A transaction with MMK enables Flinders' shareholders to protect yourself from the functional development risks which would should be overcome to be able to bring the Pilbara Iron Ore Project into production."

New coal mines pose threat to India’s 1,400 remaining tigers

The arrival of four tiger cubs in Tadoba — considered as one of the flourishing habitats for the striped cats — has brought cheers to wildlife lovers. However the rampant coal mining in Chandrapur and its surrounding areas pose a grave threat to tiger conservation and protection. India's tiger population has dwindled from tens of thousands a century ago to a mere 1,411 according to the last census conducted in 2008.

 

The Indian government has allotted more than six new coal mines in the periphery of Tadoba tiger reserve where already half a dozen coal mines – including Padmapur and Durgapur coal mines of Western Coalfields and Karnataka EMTA Coal mines – are operating reports Hindustan Times.

 

The Times of India reports the conservation report released on Tuesday in New Delhi flatly contradicts the recent recommendations by the Chaturvedi Committee set up by the group of ministers (GOM) on coal. The Chaturvedi report recommends relaxing environmental safeguards to facilitate an expansion in coal mining, and abandoning India Ministry of Environment and Forests' 'go' and 'no go' forest classification rotary kiln.

 

Tadoba tiger reserve, one of the country's oldest national parks, was in the news recently for better big cat conservation and birth of 32 tiger cubs in the area since January 2010. Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve is consisting two declared regions, conveyor belt system one is Tadoba National park and the other one is Andhari Wildlife Sanctuary.

 

The reserve's website says the park is named after the local God, "Taru". Local people offer their prayers to "Tadoba Deo" and they generally believe that by offering prayers to Tadoba Deo and sprinkling the water of Tadoba lake on agricultural fields, any disease or pests on the crops would be cleared. The Sanctuary is named "Andhari Wildlife Sanctuary" after the river Andhari which flows through the Sanctuary. mill grinder Area of Tadoba National Park is 116 sq.km. & Wildlife Sanctuary is 509 sq.km. i.e. total is 625 sq.km.

 

Australian mining tax passes biggest hurdle

 

CANBERRA, Nov 23 (Reuters) - Australia's plan to impose a 30 percent tax on its booming iron ore and coal sectors cleared its biggest political hurdle on Wednesday when legislation passed parliament's lower house after a last-minute deal to win support from the influential Greens.

 

 

The vote is a major victory for Prime Minister Julia Gillard's Labor Party after 18 months of acrimonious debate that brought down former prime minister Kevin Rudd. Mining companies ran a public campaign against his original 40 percent tax plan.

 

 

Gillard wants the new tax on mining profits to pay for a company tax cut and boost pensions, helping to spread the benefits of Australia's resources boom to other parts of the economy struggling with the global downturn.

 

 

"This is a way in which all Australians share in the bounty of the mining boom," Treasurer Wayne Swan told parliament.

 

 

Gillard's minority government needs support from three independents and a Green lawmaker for its one-seat majority, and the fate of the mining tax remained uncertain until late Tuesday because of concerns held by the Greens.

 

 

But the bills passed 73 votes to 71 with support from the Greens after the government committed to A$20 million ($20.4 million) a year of budget savings under separate measures to be announced in coming days.

 

 

The legislation will now go to the upper house Senate in early 2012, where the government and the Greens have the numbers to ensure the bills are passed into law.

 

 

The mining tax, being eyed by other resource nations in South America and Africa, is a key policy for Gillard, who struck a deal on the tax with global miners BHP Billiton , Rio Tinto and Xstrata in July 2010.

 

 

Opposition conservatives accused the government of doing secret deals with the Greens that would hurt investment confidence, while Xstrata warned the government against additional levies on top of the 30 percent tax.

 

 

Xstrata's coal division head, Peter Freyberg, whose company will pay 80 percent of the expected tax revenue along with Rio and BHP, told Reuters that any additional moves to extract more money from the mining sector could drive new investment away.

 

 

Treasurer Swan said that details of the government's deal with the Greens to pass the mining tax would be included in a mid-year budget update, expected within a fortnight.

 

 

"It's a worthy measure for Australia, it's a very significant economic reform, it's a huge win for the Australian people. I believe it will pass the Senate after it is debated there in the new year," Swan told  Australian radio all about coal crusher plant.

 

 

 

 

COMPANY TAX CUTS

 

 

The tax will start on July 1, 2012, and will raise A$7.7 billion ($7.8 billion) in its first two years, which will be earmarked to fund company tax breaks and compensate business for higher payments into compulsory worker pension funds.

 

 

It will also pay for billions of dollars of investment in infrastructure in regional Australia, particularly the key mining states of Western Australia and Queensland.

 

 

The tax will hit stone crushing equipment about 30 of Australia's biggest miners. Although it is set at 30 percent, it will have an effective rate of 22.5 percent when special mining industry tax allowances are taken into account.

 

 

The tax faced concerted opposition from Labor's conservative opponents and small- and mid-sized miners, led by iron ore magnate Andrew Forrest and his Fortescue Metals Group, who said the tax favours global miners.

 

 

But the government said the tax would not hurt Australia's record investment in mining, with planned capital investment of A$430 billion in Australian resource projects.

 

 

Fuelled by strong demand from China, Australia's government commodities forecaster said in June it expected iron ore exports to grow 8 percent to 437 million tonnes in the current year to June 30, 2012, with export income to grow 17 percent in the year despite lower world prices slag crusher for sale.

 

 

To win political support in parliament, Gillard agreed to lift the starting profits threshold for the tax from A$50 million to A$75 million, with the tax to be phased in up to $125 million.

 

 

Gillard also agreed to spend A$200 million from the tax revenue to fund research into the environmental impacts of coal seam gas developments, and to encourage state governments to use independent research when approving coal seam gas projects.

 

 

The mining tax vote came in the final week of parliament for 2011, and comes two weeks after Gillard successfully passed her landmark carbon price legislation.

 

 

The next elections are still up to two years away and polls show Gillard's government would be swept from office easily. But an Essential media poll on Monday found 51 percent support for the mining tax, and only 33 percent opposed.

 

Fortescue invests in new 14-strong Vermeer surface miner fleet

Vermeer Corp and subsidiary Vermeer Western Australia and Northern Territory have announced that Fortescue Metals Group has agreed to purchase 14 Vermeer Terrain Leveler surface excavation machines (SEMs) to be used at its iron ore mining operations in Western Australia. "This order comes after significant investment in product development by Vermeer, as well as commitment by the local dealer to support the operations," said Mark Cooper, Senior Director for Specialty Excavation with Vermeer. "Having a respected industry leader like Fortescue embrace the technology further validates its place in the market."

 

 

 

The Vermeer surface excavation machines allow mines to utilise precision surface mining, meaning mine operators can selectively extract mineral seams in surface mining applications. Operators can also control material sizing by producing small-sized material in a uniform configuration so minerals can be handled more efficiently than product resulting from drilling and blasting. The uniform product size allows more efficient settings on secondary and tertiary crushing systems; savings that can continue well past the primary crushing stage. Order delivery is scheduled to begin in December 2011 and additional machines will ship through September of 2012.

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China Looks West as India Iron Ore Supply Slumps

Panaji, Nov 19: China has began looking out for alternative markets to compensate for the Iron Ore trade deficit anticipated from India due to the prevailing crisis, a senior official said.

 

"India's Iron Ore supply is not very stable. Who can tell what is the policy about the Iron Ore? Chinese companies are looking for alternatives," Shi Ming Li, Assistant Chief Representative, China Minmetals Corporation, said.

 

The last fiscal, China imported 15 per cent of its Iron Ore from India especially Goa, which is less compared to earlier imports.

 

"India should have stable and transparent mining policy which is important for the miners,"  Ming Li, representative of the state controlled corporation said.

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He was in Goa to participate in the International Iron Ore and Steel Making Raw Materials Conference.

 

He said that China already has alternative which can be explored to meet up the deficit. "It's turning point for international Iron Ore market," Ming Li claimed, adding `Brazil and Australia has lot of capacities which can be looked up to meet the requirement.'   stone portable crusher

 

China, which has been sourcing the Iron ore from Australia, Brazil and South America besides India, is also looking at countries like south Africa, Iran, Ukraine, Congo,  South Africa, Zimbabwe, Indonesia and Venezuela for the steady supply of the Iron Ore.

 

Ming Li said 'China hopes that exports wont be banned from India.' "But its right of the Indian government to decide their own policies," he said.  iron ore plant

 

China does not have long term agreements with India, which usually opts for spot pricing.

 

Indian traders too concede the fact that the future is uncertain for the Indian Iron ore market in China. "Indian iron ore exports' future is uncertain. We don't know what will happen tomorrow," said Prem Kumar,  spokesperson, Pisces Exim Private Limited, which is India's leading Iron ore exporter.

 

He said that India too have began scouting for alternate buyer countries, not entirely depending on demand from China. Kumar's company has traded 3 million tons of Iron ore to China during last fiscal, which means a business of 100 million US dollars.

 

"Since we are dealing in the low grade ore, we are looking at middle east countries which requires this raw material for Cement Industry," Kumar commented.

 

Pisces Exim has already started sending shipments to middle-east countries since last year.

 

The prevailing uncertainties seems to have forced many of the traders, who had planned to venture into selling Iron ore to China from India, to hold back their plans.

"We wanted to venture in the trading of Iron ore from India to China but plans are held back because of the existing scenario," said Rahul Mulye, representing Coeclerici Asia (Pte) Limited, a Singapore-headquartered trading firm.

 

Coeclerici Asia (Ptd) Limited is currently trading in iron ore from other countries to China.

 

"There are established people in the country who are not getting the Iron ore cargo for China," he claimed adding that the scene is similar on the West and East coast of India.

Mitsubishi acquires stake in AAS for $5.39bn

Mitsubishi has completed the acquisition of Anglo American's 24.5% interest in Anglo American Sur (AAS) for $5.39bn.

 

ASS' assets include the Los Bronces mine, the El Soldado mine, the Chagres smelter and large-scale prospective exploration properties in Chile.

 

The assets produce about 260,000tpa of copper and this is expected to increase to 440,000tpa in 2012, upon completion of the Los Bronces expansion project.   stone processing machinery

 

With this acquisition, Mitsubishi's copper production will increase from 140,000 to 250,000tpa in 2012.

 

Mitsubishi also holds interests in Esocondia copper mine, Los Pelambres copper mine and Chilean iron ore production firm Compañía Minera del Pacifico.  rock crusher   copper ore processing crusher 

New Zealand coal deaths: former chief executive faces criminal charges

Wales Online reports the former chief executive of Pike River Coal of New Zealand, Peter Whittall faces 12 criminal charges over the 2010 mine explosion that killed 29 miners. An enormous methane explosion ripped through the mine near Greymouth on November 19 2010 and the state-owned mine has since been put up for sale.

 

Wales Online reports his lawyers wrote in a release: "Mr Whittall is a coal miner. He comes from a coal mining town and has worked in underground mines all his life. He maintains that he would never do anything to put men who worked with him at risk. And Mr Whittall will fight being scapegoated now."

 

MINING.com reported at the end of October Chinese state-owned Shanxi Coal is understood to be in the running to buy Pike River Coal as part of a joint bid with local miner Solid Energy. The state-owned mine was previously operated by Solid Energy and was put up for sale as part of a privatization programme after it went bankrupt following the tragedy.

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Historic vote turns Australia carbon tax into law

The Sydney Morning Herald reports in a major policy victory for Australia's Gillard government's controversial carbon pricing scheme has passed parliament with Labor and the Australian Greens forcing the 18 so-called clean energy bills through the Senate.

 

The laws – fiercely opposed by the country's mining sector which says it will lead to more than 20 mine closures and cost thousands of jobs – will force Australia's top 500 polluting companies to pay a tax of $24.50/tonne on carbon emissions from July 2012. On top of the carbon tax set to kick in mid-2012, Australian miners also have to contend with the new minerals resource rent tax set at an effective 22.5% rate on the so-called super-profits of the extractive industries.

 

SMH reports the legislation was passed unamended, which means it is now set to become law. SMH adds that it has been the most divisive policy in recent political history, contributing to the downfall of two opposition leaders and one prime minister, rousing ordinary Australians in their thousands to public rallies both for and against it, and helping sink the government that has advanced it to record opinion poll lows.  Quarry processing equipment

 

Xinhua quotes Greens leader Bob Brown: "What we are doing here today is legislating … to hold back the great nemesis of climate change for the whole future of humanity and indeed our millions of fellow species on this planet. People 50 or 500 years from now will thank us for the passage of this legislation." sbm thickener

 

MINING.com reported in September Australian Coal Association said $1.3 billion in proposed government compensation would delay by only one year the premature closure of four of the 21 mines that an industry survey found were under threat from the government's carbon tax.   concrete plant

Hungry for more acquisitions, Minmetals turns to nickel

 

Minmetals  is not finished acquiring companies to add to its stable of base metal mines, according to Bloomberg.

 

The state-run Chinese miner, with operations in Australia and Laos, a month ago snapped up Anvil Mining for $1.3 billion, thus expanding its reach into Africa. Anvil's key asset is the Kinsevere mine, located in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

 

Bloomberg reports the firm is planning more takeovers crusher for sale because it needs to extend the life of its mines and boost valuations. Minmetals' stock is undervalued compared to other comparable raw materials producers and consummating more deals would help raise its valuation,  says the story, quoting a manager at First Asset Investment Management Inc.:

 

"Minmetals' mines have relatively short mine lives. grinding mill for sale They definitely would be an acquirer and it would certainly help."

 

According to Bloomberg, the most likely targets are  Mirabela Nickel Ltd. (ASX:MBN), which owns the Santa Rita nickel mine in Brazil, and Alumina Ltd. (NYSE:AWC), which owns 40% of Alcoa, the biggest U.S. aluminum producer.

 

Minmetals had previously bid for Vancouver-based copper sbm malaysia producer Equinox Resources but lost it to Barrick Gold Corp. (TSE:ABX), which paid $7.3 billion. The move was seen as a diversification by gold-centric Barrick into copper.

Zim minister applauds diamond sales decision

 

Zimbabwe's mining minister vowed that the country "will no longer be begging for anything from anybody" after international diamond regulators agreed to let it trade some $2 billion in diamonds from a field where human rights groups say miners have been tortured.

Earlier this week, Kimberley Process experts meeting in Congo agreed to allow Zimbabwe to sell diamonds from the Marange fields. Zimbabwe, which has denied allegations of human rights abuses in the area, had been under sanctions since 2009 because of "significant noncompliance."

 

The Kimberley Process was set up in 2002 after brutal wars in Sierra Leone and Liberia that were fueled by "blood diamonds." Participant nations are now forced to certify the origins of the diamonds being traded, assuring consumers that they are not financing war or human rights abuses. iron ore beneficiation

 

The 60 000-hectare Marange field in eastern Zimbabwe was discovered in 2006 at the height of Zimbabwe's political, economic and humanitarian crisis. It is believed to be the biggest find in the world since the 19th century, and it triggered a chaotic diamond rush.

 

Last year, the Kimberley Process declared two shipments of stones from the Zimbabwe mines conflict-free, backing off from a ban and allowing 900 000 carats of diamonds to be auctioned. The latest move allows all diamonds from the area to be sold. The stockpile of Marange diamonds -some 4.5 million stones, is valued at around $2 billion. iron ore machine

 

"We are going to shock the world. We are going to unleash our worthiness," Mining Minister Obert Mpofu told reporters Wednesday. "Zimbabwe will no longer be begging for anything from anybody."

 

Human Rights Watch has accused Zimbabwean troops of killing more than 200 people, raping women and forcing children to search for the gems in Marange fields.

 

Mike Davis, a human rights activist from Global Witness told The Associated Press on Wednesday that the decision was a "disappointing conclusion" to the issue. mobile crusher

 

"Violence is still going on and smuggling, providing revenue for the ruling elite," Davis said.

 

He said Zimbabwe also had not met some conditions, such as removing military troops from the area and allowing small-scale diamond miners to operate there as well.

 

Opposition politicians also say there is rampant theft in the Marange diamond fields by forces loyal to longtime ruler Robert Mugabe. Lawmaker Eddie Cross said he has received death threats from Mugabe's security agents after he testified before parliament about millions of dollars in diamond profits that he said already could not be accounted for.

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Five Mining Contracts in Danger of Termination - Kontrak Lima Perusahaan Tambang Terancam Diputus

The contracts of five mining companies are under threat of termination if they refuse to renegotiate their contracts with the government. The five mining companies are PT Freeport Indonesia, PT Irja Eastern Minerals, PT Nabire Bakti Mining, PT Masao Pasik, and PT Pacific Masao.

"They (the mining companies) must renegotiate. The legal basis is clear, namely Law No. 4/2009 on Mining Mineral and Coal and Government Regulation (PP) No. 45/ 2003 regarding Tariff on Non-Tax State Revenue of the Energy & Mineral Resources Department. If they do not want to, then yes they will be terminated, " Deputy Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (EMR) Widjajono Partowidagdo to Investor Daily, Jakarta, Thursday (20/10). mining equipment

Widjajono asserted that every mine operation in Indonesia must comply with the law. Mining companies originally adhere to Law No. 11/1967 on Basic Provisions of Mining. "However, since the Law No. 11/1967 was revoked and no longer valid, the law is now based on Law No. 4/2009," he said.

The Minister Jero Wacik, meanwhile, said that the mining contract renegotiation is one of three priorities his ministry will work on during the three years of his office. The other two work program priorities are achieving target of 945 thousand barrels lifting per day (bpd) and the completion of mega-projects electricity of 10,000 MW.

"Concerning the mining contract renegotiation, I cannot comment much, I must first study the case," he said via cell phone. Jero Wacik held a top ranking Energy officials meeting yesterday to prepare and process matters such as mining contract renegotiation as per the president's instructions. crusher mobile

The Ministry of Energy, he said, is evaluating all mining contracts in Indonesia. "We will make list of mining companies on priority for renegotiation, "he said.

During the inauguration of the United Cabinet of Indonesia (KIB) II, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) ordered the Minister of Energy to evaluate various mining contract of works, considered vastly unfair. The renegotiations are intended to make the contract of works fairer and more appropriate.  grinding mill ball mill

The 16 renegotiation issues
Widjajono said that there are 16 issues to be renegotiated. Six are strategic issues, such as work area, contract extensions, revenues, divestiture obligations, processing and purification obligation, as well as the obligation of use domestic goods and services. "But the dominant issue is the need for state revenue increase, "he said.

Renegotiation on the amount to be provided to the state, he said, would not work out if the company is not making profit. "Show us (the government) their losses and they don't need to renegotiate. The government wants mining companies to be open about their income. The purpose of the renegotiation is to have a fair profit sharing, "he explained.

Widjajono see the renegotiation as means to restore the sovereignty of state over Indonesia's wealth of natural resources and also improve state revenues. The base of renegotiation is article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 4 / 2009, especially Article 169 paragraphs a and b and article 171. vibrating screens for cheap

The Director General Thamrin Sihite hopes that the renegotiation of mining contracts, both contract of works (KK) as well as coal contract of works (PKP2B), can be completed this year.

Currently, there are about 113 mining contracts to be renegotiated, consisting of 37 KKs and 76 PKP2Bs. Of the total, 5 KKs do not approve of the entire renegotiation clause, 21 KKs agreed to some clauses, and 11 KKs agreed to the entire clauses.  cone stone crusher in South Africa

Concerning the 76 PKP2Bs, none are willing to renegotiate their contracts, mainly on royalties and processing and refining duties. The holders of PKP2Bs consider the royalty of 13.5% as the maximum. They also consider the processing obligations as unnecessary, because coal is an end user product that requires no further processing.

In the renegotiation concerning state revenue or royalties, the government's benchmark is PP 45/2003.
Although the Indonesian Mining Association (IMA) proposed a royalty of 2%, the government still refers to PP 45/2003 where the royalty for gold mine is 3.75%.

Contract sanctity
A member of the Indonesian Mining Society (MPI), Herman Afif Kusumo, considered that a KK or a PKP2B may not always apply absolutely until the end of a contract. A renegotiation of KK and PKP2B could not be said to violate the sanctity of contract, because it is not the will of the government, but mandated by Law No. 4/2009.

He said Law No. 4/2009 is a political decision of the people of Indonesia. In it is the spirit of mining resources management for the sake and prosperity of the Indonesian people.

"In Law No. 4 /2009, there are no longer any KK and PKP2B, instead there is the mining permit (IUP). It is in accordance to Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. With the enactment of Law No. 4 / 2009, the KK and PKP2B no longer apply, "he said.  cone crusher

On the other hand, he added, Indonesia still respect the KK and PKP2B already issued. "That is why in the Law, there is a transitional section to respect the KK and PKP2B until the end of their term, "he explained.

Despite that fact, however, KK and PKP2B holders should adjust themselves with the contents in Law No. 4/2009. "Thereby the renegotiation issue. Under a legal logic, contracts must not conflict with the existing law, "he said.

Herman said that problems arise because many holders of KK and PKP2B are reluctant to renegotiate. "They are comfortable with the contents of their existing contracts. This is understandable, since in the KK and PKP2B many privileges have been provided by the government at the time when it required investments, "he said.

Be Decisive
A member of the 7th Commission of House of Representatives, Dito Ganinduto, said the government should being assertive. Firstly, in particular to contractors with mining areas exceeding the maximum limit of 100,000 hectares (ha) for minerals and 50,000 hectares for coal. Freeport has a working area of up to 1.8 million hectares and Inco has about 180,000 hectares.

"When a contract expires it must be terminated," he said. Secondly, the management should be left to state represented by a state / local enterprise. Extension of a contract with the former contractor can only be made if the contractor becomes a minority shareholder.  ball mill manufacturer

Thirdly, the state revenues through taxes and royalties should be increased by retaining applicable taxes in the current contract. As for royalties, the rate stipulated in Government Regulation No. 45/2003 should apply to all contractors without exception.

Fourthly, the obligation to divest should apply to all KK and PKP2B in accordance with article 107 of Law No. 4/2009 and article 97 of PP No. 23/2010. This is to protect strategic interests, including maximising revenue, the government should make efforts to boost stock ownership by national enterprises (SOEs, district and private enterprises) to become the majority in 10 years.

Fifthly, the obligation of processing and refining (smelting) should be applied in accordance to Article 103 of Law No. 4 / 2009 and article 93 and 94 of PP No. 23/2010. The government should ensure the smelting company's shareholder is a state owned company and/or national private. "Cases like PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (Inalum) and PT Smelter Indonesia, in Gresik, where stakeholders are dominantly foreign 58.88% and 100% respectively should not happen," said Dito.

Sixthly, the obligation to use local goods and services in accordance with Article 106 of Law No. 4/2009. For that, said Dito, the government should support the achievement of competency of SoEs and national private sector to provide the needed services.  solutions for mine quarry

Vice Chairman of the Indonesian Mining Association (IMA) Tony Wenas said that contract or agreement of both parties must be respected. "Otherwise there will be consequences for those who breach the contract, namely arbitration, "he stated.

He said that Article 169 paragraphs a and b are conflicting. In Article 169a the KK and PKP2B 'must be respected' prior to the enactment of the Mining Law. Whereas Article 169b states that KK and PKP2B 'must Be adapted 'to the Mining Law. As a result, he continued, there is no certainty concerning the law of contract /agreement mining and this has the potential to become disputes.

"IMA proposed that Article 169 subsection b must be removed. If a renegotiation is imposed with reference to this article, government could be sued in international arbitration, " he said.